Defined Benefit Plan for Self Employed

Defined Benefit Plans for the Self-employed Allow for Large Tax-deductible Contributions

Tax Deductions are a much chased around topic all year round, and why should it not be! As a self-employed individual you work hard taking all the business risk only to realize that a large share of your income will have been given away to the government in the form of taxes. Of course, there are several small tax deductions that you can take and bring down the amount of taxable income. However, this list of tax deductions is long and each individual item is worth only a few hundred dollars. This is where a Defined Benefit Plan comes in which can allow you to deduct several thousand dollars of your income, and is one of the most favored retirement vehicle of the higher income earner.

Unfortunately, the intelligentsia tends to concentrate around a 401(k) plan, SEP IRA or a profit sharing plan and a defined benefit plan finds no mention. However, a DB plan is capable of generating a tax deduction of up to $200,000 and higher in some scenarios, making it an ideal choice for a self-employed individual looking for a large tax deduction. One of the reasons why defined benefit plans find no mention is the complexity of the plan and that it requires the certification of an enrolled actuary.

This is where we come in, to mask the complexity for you, and provide services for drafting the plan document, actuarial certification, and annual administration including IRS filings.  Use our Defined Benefit Calculator to estimate how much you can accumulate in a Defined Benefit Plan.

 

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Defined benefit plan for self employed

Can you set up a retirement plan after age 70?

Some retirement plans may not be implemented beyond a certain age, however, defined benefit plans do not fall into this category. Therefore, if you have significant income after age 70, you can still set up a defined benefit and contribute a substantial amount.

The IRS usually requires members to receive a taxable distribution of the plan after age 72 (70.5 years prior to the adoption of the Security Act in December 2019). However, the defined benefit plan may use unique acquisition timing options to suspend distributions for a couple of years. This will give you the option to defer taxes in high-income years and transfer the remaining balance to an IRA.

What is a Defined Benefit Plan?

Let’s be technical for a moment. A defined benefit plan promises a certain monthly benefit to the plan participants after retirement. An actuarial valuation needs to be performed to estimate the mortality rates of participants and the amount of money required to fund their retirements.

 

If you are a self-employed individual, this is where the traditional definition ends, and the magic begins!

 

Assuming a scenario with no employees, you are the owner of the company sponsoring the plan and the only participant as well. (If you have employees you might want to read about a floor offset defined benefit plan). This effectively means you are having your company contribute to you, which makes the defined benefit plan very similar to a profit-sharing plan. The major difference is that the IRS limits contributions to a profit-sharing plan each year. However, the limitations on a defined benefit plan are determined by the plan design and are typically much higher.

Eligibility Criteria to Start a Defined Benefit Plan?

A Defined benefit plan is an employer sponsored pension plan, so this is typically set up by a business. All types of businesses can set it up, however, a prudent decision needs to be made based on the goals and the profitability of the business. Even self-employed individuals and sole-proprietors can start a defined benefit plan as long as the cost justifies the benefits earned.

A self-employed individual who has had a net income of over $200,000 in the past can contribute between $100,000 and $250,000 each year and claim a tax deduction for this amount. (If you have employees and are looking to contribute a smaller amount you might want to read about new comparability profit sharing plan here)

Instead of limiting the annual contributions, the IRS limits the total amount of money that one can accumulate in the defined benefit plan at retirement. This amount is determined on the participant’s past compensation history, age, and the plan formula. The plan formula is arrived at after a consultation between the actuary and the client so that the plan provides enough flexibility regarding contribution amounts.

Another thing the IRS limits is that the annual benefit after retirement cannot be more than $215,000 or 100% of your past income. When we design the plan for you, we take all these limitations into consideration and tell you a minimum required contribution and the maximum permitted contribution. In any given year, the minimum required contribution can be reduced if your business experiences lesser cash flow.

What is Cash Balance Plan | Pension Deductions

Are the contributions to a defined benefit plan deductible?

Yes, if you have only one plan, then the entire contribution can be deductible. There are, of course, contribution and deduction limits, but those changes each year and can only be calculated by your actuary.

How much can a self-employed individual contribute to a defined benefit plan?

You can use our defined benefit calculat or to estimate the amount of contributions in the first year.

Is there a deadline to contribute to a defined benefit plan?

Yes, contribution to a defined benefit plan can be made throughout the financial year. But all contributions have to be made before the tax returns for the company are filed or until 9.5 months after the close of the plan year, whichever is earlier.

Can You Not Contribute to a Defined Benefit Plan in a Particular Year?

Yes! A contribution can be skipped in a particular year if are having a tough year in your business. The defined benefit plan typically has a minimum required funding, however, the amount depends on how well funded the plan has been in the past.

You will need to work with your actuary in order to freeze the accruals for that particular year. It is advisable to talk to your actuary about the funding needs of the defined benefit plan early in the year.

Can a Self-employed Individual Contribute to More Than One Pension Plan?

Typically a defined benefit plan will create an opportunity for a large contribution. However, you can still contribute to other plans if you want to. Contributing to multiple plans would require maintaining and paying fees for multiple plans, so you might only want to do this when the total cash flow is more than what can be contributed to one plan.

If you have a defined benefit plan, you can contribute a maximum of $18,000 to a 401(k) plan and an additional amount of $6,000 if you are above the age of 50. Contribution to a profit sharing plan or a SEP IRA will be limited to only 6% of your W-2 income if you already have a defined benefit plan.

 

If you are convinced that a defined benefit plan can be one of your preferred self-employed tax deductions. Our team of pension consultants provides straightforward advice with your business and goals in mind. Schedule a free consultancy now.